Yes, the bags can take it - Of course they can if they are of good quality, but over time, the strain the motor is having to put up with to keep the suction up with the packed bag will end in a break down.
If the motor is a durable one, the break down will take a long time to become apparent, but it will still happen one day. Maybe tomorrow, maybe next year, or maybe in the next decade, but it WILL happen if you keep filling your bags until the motor is working very hard to keep going with the amount of air flow restriction the full bag is putting on it.
I never trust a "FULL BAG" indicator, as they always come on too late in my opinion.
I once ran my '94 HOOVER Turbopower 1000 without changing the bag just to see when the full bag indicator lit, and when it did, the bag was 2-3CM from being filled to the top.
I don't know why Vacuum Cleaners even have bag full indicators to be honest, because by the time they come on you are way past the recommended bag change interval.
The only good thing about the indicator is that it tells you when you have a blockage in the hose pipe/inlet passage, and even then it is superfluous in my opinion, as it is usually obvious if there is a blockage bad enough to set the indicator off.