The primary difference is that the ISO Air Watt measurement is an instantaneous measurement of both airflow and suction at a given diameter orifice. It is a snapshot in time. Vacuum motor manufacturers will take this measurement at different orifice sizes starting at a closed orifice. At that point you get maximum suction and no airflow. Since Air Watts are Suction in Pascals multiplied by airflow in Cubic Meters per Second the Air Watts at a closed orifice is zero. The manufacturer will take airflow and suction measurements at progressively larger orifices and calculate the air watt value for that orifice until they reach a maximum orifice size, typically 50-52m at which point suction is nearly zero and airflow is maximum. They will also plot Airflow and Suction vs Orifice size. Where those graphs intersect, typically around 20-25 mm orifice size maximum air watts is achieved.
By comparison the Japanese standard measures maximum sealed suction at the hose end or the orifice in the nozzle of an upright, and they also measure the quantity of air that flows through the hose or suction nozzle over a period of time. This compensates for the difference in the speed of air flowing through a hose or tube from the center where it is highest to the walls where it is nearly zero. Instead of measuring air speed at the center and applying a rule of thumb correction factor the Japanese simply measure the total volume of air that flowed over a period of time. The measured suction and air volume are multiplied together and this value is multiplied by a factor to arrive at their Suction Work Rate.