The Simple Answer is No, They Don't
I've posted extensively on this subject in the past, but central vacuums can't be as good as the best portable vacs. Let's investigate why...
1) Assume a typical central vac canister (single motor) starts with 140 CFM
2) Add 50 ft. of piping and 35 ft. of hose and it will drop to 100 CFM (typical)
3) Hook up to a power nozzle (wands, u-joint) and the airflow can drop to 80 CFM (typical)
Suction loss at the PN is astronomical as well. Check out Blackheart's YT channel and you'll see for yourself (Go Blackheart!)
Pick any newer Royal, Kirby or Sanitaire and they have around 150 nozzle CFM.
Added portable bonus: much less power usage. Say 1700 watts versus 600 watts.
Since both can use H11 (HEPA) bags, filtration is just as good.
FYI, I've lived in (and parents owned) 4 houses since 1974 that have central vacuums. With typical use, they can clog periodically.
If you need to deep clean pile carpets, appropriate agitation coupled with as much airflow as you can push (Kirby excels here) wins every time.
If you primarily have bare floors, very little is required to clean those well. Witness the explosion of low CFM robot and stick vacs (20 CFM and lower).
Bill
