For me, and I know this is vague? I normally change the bag when the sound of the air flow changes?Dusty conditions it can easily be half a bag, but not most times. At my mom's apt, there is a lot of dust/ dry skin, they never make it to half bag. At home here if its say my Miele, it works to full.The hepa bags in my Silverado, mostly full, when I used the paper, they were done at half for sure. I guess this means judge your own machine at your place?