Better than rubber cement...
... is liquid latex because it is not as sticky as rubber cement. But I would caution people to proceed with great care --- if you have a vintage hose that looks great but doesn't have good suction, consider whether you may want to risk totally ruining it.
That having been said, here's an article I wrote about repairing cloth hoses. Again, keep in mind that you proceed at your own risk if you decide to try this.
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THOSE OLD CLOTH HOSES
How To Restore Old, Inefficient Hoses To Their Former Airtight Glory
by Charles Richard Lester
How many of you have, as I do, a lot of old vacuum cleaner cloth or woven vinyl hoses that look great but fall far short of having a good seal for cleaning?
Those old hoses were pretty complicated affairs - their construction and manufacturing details vary somewhat from brand to brand; but basically, first there was an inner cloth or rubberized cloth layer, then a coiled steel innerspring to keep the hose's round wall shape, then a thick rubber layer and finally the outer decorative woven cloth or vinyl layer.
In many cases, the old hoses may, from the outside, look brand-new yet are not functional for cleaning because they leak air so badly from the inside.
The reason for this is that the rubber and cloth inner linings have deteriorated, in some cases to the point where all that's left inside is some dry-rotted fabric and the steel innerspring - the rubber having long-ago crumbled away.
I have many beautiful hoses in my collection, most of which - in fact, ALL of which, except for one or two notable exceptions, are absolutely useless for cleaning. Yes, the machines sit around looking beautiful but I can't have any fun vacuuming with them because I have to use some hideous plastic replacement hose so the darned things will actually cleaned!
And I don't know about anyone else ... but to me the original hose is very important in terms of having the machines "look right." Those who know what I mean "will know what I mean;" the others among us will just think I really have lost it and am totally certifiable, and that's fine. Just keep your nets and straitjackets away from me!
Anyway ... over the years I had tried to devise various ways to remedy this. I looked around for some sort of plastic sleeves to insert into the hoses to make a seal. Even if I could have ever found such a sleeve, which I never could, it would probably not have worked very well. The plastic would not be very flexible so the hose would not bend properly, and there would be a problem in sealing the plastic lining to the inner wall of the hose to hold it in place and to give a tight seal at both ends.
Well, one day I had quite a brainstorm. I was looking at some of my hoses and musing about the inner linings being made of rubber. Then that word hit me in the head like a brick - RUBBER!! Of course!! They key to the tight seals inside these hoses is the RUBBER lining! So then, the next matter for consideration was, "How do I get a tight rubber seal inside this old hose?"
In a flash, my mind shot back to the old days when I was active in community theatre and became very proficient at character and prosthetic (i.e., monster and "gore") makeup. One of the tools of that trade is latex, in various forms - foam, solid, liquid, sponge, and so on. Liquid latex is readily available (at least, it's readily available here in Los Angeles -- Land of Make Believe!). It is used for many things, including old-age makeup and making rubber "appliances" such as noses, cheeks, jowls, bald heads, wounds, monster and alien masks, and so on.
The makeup artist can either apply the latex directly to an actor's face, which is quite an ordeal because the latex is suspended in ammonia and smells like a nasty old cat-box! Or, it can be poured and "sloshed" into molds to make artificial features.
And this is where the old hoses come in! I just happened to have in my closet a gallon jar of liquid latex left over from a very ambitious Halloween project a couple of years ago. I got to thinking, I wonder if I could slosh some latex into an old hose, let it dry, and produce a tight seal?
To cut to the chase ... IT WORKED!! I taped shut the machine end of the hose and poured about a quart or so of latex into the handle end. I worked the hose back and forth and wiggled it around and up and down to cause the latex to run down along the inner walls and to the other end.
When I could tell by the weight that it had gotten fully coated inside, I hung the hose in a "U" over some newspapers to allow the surplus latex to drain out (removing the tape from the taped-up end). I left it that way for several days because I knew it would take a long time for the latex to fully dry.
If you try this, please heed a couple of warnings and save yourself some heartaches:
First, make sure the hose is clean inside. Connect it to the vacuum cleaner and let it run for a minute or two to remove any dust or excess loose rubber or cloth. If there is a clog, I would not suggest dumping latex into the hose as it will just totally and completely clog up the hose for all eternity!
Second, DO NOT try to hasten the drying process by connecting the hose to the blower OR the suction end of a cleaner and turning the sweeper on.
If you connect it to the suction end you are going to suck liquid latex into the dust bag. If it's a cloth bag it is going to get ruined. Once latex has solidified, there is absolutely no way to remove it from fabric. Which is a good thing in terms of sealing your hose, but a bad thing in terms of what it will do to the bag. If it's a paper bag, the latex could seep through the paper lining and get into the motor, which would make a terrific mess and probably ruin the motor.
And if you put the hose into the blower end, it will cause the liquid latex to bubble up and close off the inner walls, ruining the hose. Trust me. I learned the hard way and ruined a perfectly good Electrolux XXX hose on my experiments. Well, not really ruined. It still looks beautiful. But it's totally blocked up; no air can pass through at all.
You must let the latex dry slowly and naturally.
After the latex has thoroughly dried (and I would allow at least three days to be safe), dump a pretty good amount of talcum powder into the hose and work it around so that all the latex gets covered.
The reason to do this is that fresh latex sticks to itself, and to a lot of other things, so you could get a nasty clog either by sucked-up stuff clinging to the sticky latex, or by it's clinging to itself when the hose bends and flexes. The talc renders the latex UN-sticky so this extra precaution will help avoid possible trouble.
I conclude with the caveat that you must do this carefully! If you ruin a prized old hose, I cannot take any blame or responsibility. Do this at your own risk! I say this not to scare you or discourage you, or to make you think it won't work. It will work. At least, it did for me. But in this litigious age, this disclaimer is necessary to protect myself and the club from some sue-happy member who ruins her beautiful 1921 Hoover cloth hose and starts looking for someone to blame!
I would strongly suggest doing your first tryout on an old hose that's not all that important to you. Pick one you have doubles of, or that is not cosmetically immaculate. Don't start with your ONE gorgeous Electrolux XXX hose or you might be sorry if you mess it up.
Oh --- I guess you'll want to know where to get the latex. Those who live in large cities can start with theatrical makeup supply stores. Some costume shops also sell theatrical makeup but those that do usually have limited inventories, and probably won't carry liquid latex in large quantities. They usually sell ounce bottles and at, what, 5 or 10 dollars an ounce, your hose restoration project will get quite expensive!
You need to get it in bulk - minimum of a gallon. Even at gallon quantities, it's not gonna be real cheap, probably $50 or so a gallon. But if you want to restore your old hoses, and have a lot of them, it will be a good investment. As a rough estimate, a gallon of latex is enough to do at least 10 or 15 hoses. A trick to recycle some of the latex would be to let the excess drain back into the bottle before hanging the hose up to dry.
I bought my latex at Burman Industries in Van Nuys, California - 818-782-9833; I actually went to the store but they very likely will take mail orders. Or you can check on the Internet - search for "liquid latex." Certain types of floor tile adhesive are made of rubber-based liquid compounds, but I'd be wary about trying anything other than "straight" liquid latex.
I'd be thrilled to hear of other's hose restoration projects --- let me know how it goes!